How to Detect Ransomware

It’s no secret that there are cyber criminals out there who are after your company’s critical assets, but now you have to be concerned with your data not only being exfiltrated and sold—you have to worry about losing them entirely if you can’t or won’t pay a ransom.. 

Once upon a time, firewalls were a viable way to protect assets, but companies can’t rely anymore on the moat keeping the castle safe.  It’s too easy to get the keys to the gate, especially with the extended enterprise – cloud, SaaS and remote work.

An astounding 73% of ransomware attacks succeed in encrypting a company’s data. This is due to how quickly ransomware can infect a system. Microsoft’s research determined that 97% of ransomware attacks infect the intended target within four hours. As if that isn’t disturbing enough, more advanced ransomware infections can infiltrate and assume control of a system in less than 45 seconds.

What is Ransomware?

Ransomware is a type of malware that loads itself into your system, spreads like wildfire, locks down files and data via encryption, and then holds it hostage for ransom. It has surged to the forefront as one of the most popular cyberattack methods, and now companies must contend with even more advanced tactics from cyberattackers utilizing Ransomware-as-a-Service. 

Ransomware has many avenues into your organization. It can arrive in an infected attachment, which attacks your system once the attachment has been downloaded. Ransomware also can infect via  an executable file, an infected website, a fake ad that a user interacts with, or even an infected chat message that contains a clickable link. It can even hide inside of a macro in a Word document. 

One of the most common ways to launch ransomware attacks is via phishing. Phishing is still done via email, but it’s now also done with voice calls (vishing) and SMS (smishing). Adversaries also deploy different methods, such as hitting a smaller selection of targets (spear fishing), even executives specifically (whaling). It’s a complex environment with highly believable messages, emails, or phone calls. Social media even plays a part—everyone has seen those “Getting to Know You” posts, which are often really just fronts for obtaining your details that are helpful in stealing your information for their own nefarious purposes. 

Ransomware Attacks: What Have We Learned?

Ransomware has definitely made its presence known: a new organization finds itself in battle with ransomware roughly every 11 seconds. Analyzing past attacks and their outcomes allows us to measure the impact of ransomware and evolve protections used against them.

Colonial Pipeline Attack

In May 2021, the Colonial Pipeline was attacked by a group known as DarkSide. The group entered the systems via a stolen set of credentials for the Colonial Pipeline’s VPN. Within two hours, Darkside stole roughly 100 gigabytes of data and deployed the ransomware as they exited. The ransomware made itself known the following day, and Colonial Pipeline was forced to shut down its pipeline OT network because their IT systems including billing and accounting were down. 

The impact of this attack was substantial. The airline industry had a jet fuel shortage. The fear of gasoline shortages incited panic in six eastern states. Gas prices spiked, affecting consumers. And then there was the $4.4 million ransom that Colonial Pipeline paid. The Department of Justice recovered roughly $2.3 million of that ransom, but Colonial Pipeline was out the rest of the funds, in addition to the cost of being completely shut down for six days.

This attack displays the importance of using a multi-layered approach. Once DarkSide breached the gate (the VPN), they went unchecked. It’s essential to monitor the network for ransomware, inspect traffic, and implement additional checks, like multi-factor authentication, to protect against this type of attack.

JBS Incident

The JBS attack was the second major one that affected U.S. infrastructure in May 2021; this attack was perpetrated by REvil, a Russian-based ransomware-as-a-service organization. In addition to shutting down services, it’s believed that sensitive customer data also was stolen. The company deemed it had no choice but to pay the $11 million ransom to protect their customers.

This incident had a global impact. It shutdown cattle slaughtering in all US plants for a full day, which caused food supply disruption and increased food prices. Some Australia and Canada operations were disrupted, as well. 

The details of this attack haven’t been released, but it was deemed to be highly sophisticated. 

Zero Day Attack On Kaseya

In July of 2021, REvil used Kaseya’s virtual system administrators (VSA) to disperse ransomware to Kaseya’s customer base. Because many of Kaseya’s customers are managed service providers (MSP), the ransomware was further dispersed to their customers. It was one of the largest ransomware sprees in history.

The impact of this attack was extensive. Over 22 countries were affected, with roughly a million individual systems having been put at risk in a wide range of industries. It’d be impossible to list every single effect of such a widespread attack, but it provided a great example of why efficient, effective cybersecurity is necessary. 

The Kaseya attack shows us that prevention won’t always work. Because there was no barrier to entry, discovering lateral movement would be the best chance of containing damage in situations like this. Complete east-west traffic monitoring would be the best way to detect such an attack. It also demonstrates the importance of microsegmentation and a Zero Trust cybersecurity strategy, which in this case would’ve allowed the organization to shut down the affected area and prevented the infection from spreading. 

Detecting Ransomware

Ransomware is an issue that every  organization faces. It’s essential to detect ransomware before it has encrypted your organization’s files, because then it’s too late to take effective action. 

Ransomware can be detected at various stages of the cyber kill chain:

Reconnaissance

In this stage, the attackers focus on checking out your organization’s systems. This could be looking for viable breach opportunities by scanning ports or networks, or collecting information about the system and/or users.

In order to detect ransomware in the reconnaissance stage, your system must be capable of detecting any network or port scans that are performed. Ordr supports the ability to detect reconnaissance attacks. 

Weaponization

Weaponization refers to applying various techniques to the code after reconnaissance so it’s capable of evading memory-, network-, and/or file-based cyber defense measures employed by the targeted network. For example, attackers may make the payload look like a simple PDF or hide it inside a benign-looking word document.

To combat this effectively, it’s essential to stay updated on patches and security updates. Also, employ a solution, like Ordr’s platform, that utilizes a variety of threat intelligence and security sources, as well as AI and DPI, to identify the high-risk devices on the network that may be targeted. Ordr can dynamically generate segmentation policies for devices that run outdated operating systems that cannot be patched. 

Delivery

This is the kill chain stage that’s concerned with loading the ransomware into your organization’s system. It could be via an email containing an infected attachment or plugging in a compromised USB drive. Or, it could be gaining credentials or assistance from an employee through social engineering, or using a traffic distribution system (TDS) to redirect traffic from a legitimate website to a malicious website.

Device security is effective here, because if a device can be seen as compromised, it can be quarantined. Along that same line, if microsegmentation is used, the small section of the network where the ransomware is initially deployed can be locked down to prevent compromising the rest of the network. Other applicable protections include adequate change management and application whitelisting. Ordr can dynamically create the appropriate microsegmentation policies based on business risks. 

Exploitation

Exploitation is where the ransomware actually launches itself on the victim machine. Typically, this is done one of two ways: exploit kit or specific, targeted exploitation. The difference is whether or not the threat actors have a known vulnerability to exploit. If the vulnerability is known in advance, it’ll be specifically targeted.

Using secure passwords, security patching, and continuous network monitoring can help thwart ransomware’s ability to successfully exploit your system. It’s essential to make the network harder to exploit and also slow down anything that does manage to get into the system. The Ordr platform includes an integrated threat detection system that can identify exploits and attacker tools, such as Cobalt Strike or Eternal Blue. 

Installation and Lateral Movement

Once the initial infection is in, the installation phase is where the infection begins to disseminate itself within the network. Sometimes the ransomware needs to make an external C2 communication in order to complete this, but other types of ransomware begin lateral movement on their own. The ransomware targets files in the system and any accessible backups.

To successfully combat ransomware, a system should monitor for these C2 communications so an attack can be isolated. It’s also necessary to monitor traffic, especially with regard to east-west lateral movement. Ordr uses machine learning to baseline the normal communication patterns for a device; as a result, lateral movement or anomalous communications to a C2 site will trigger alerts. Ordr also integrates with Active Directory to track users’ access to the devices, applications, and systems on the network.

Command and Control

Once the command and control phase has been reached, the attackers are communicating with the attacker domain (C2). They are in the network and very likely have already started the process of encrypting data and/or exfiltrating it for extortion purposes. The attackers are now in control and issue the ransom demand. 

Actions on Objectives

At this point, the ransomware provides the instructions for paying the ransom. Whether your data is actually returned after paying the ransom is another story.

Best Practices for Ransomware Detection

Ransomware comes in many different shapes and sizes, and often strikes with an unknown advantage. For this reason, your organization’s cybersecurity should be armed with both prevention and detection. The following best practices can help arm your cybersecurity solution:

1. Focus on basic cybersecurity hygiene

Cybersecurity technology constantly evolves, but there are basic practices that can help your organization mitigate the impact of ransomware. Examples of this include conducting regular vulnerability scans and having a regular patch schedule. Ordr gives you a strong cybersecurity solution that helps you follow such best practices—having detailed info about each device’s make, model, serial number, location in the network identifies vulnerable devices, and mapping every device communication patterns is critical to establish a baseline so you can identify when an attack is happening.

2. Establish process and compliance procedures

Ransomware affects an organization as a whole, and any processes and procedures need to be known and followed by the organization as whole. Important stakeholders and key decision makers should be involved in this process. For example, during a ransomware attack, who is going to negotiate with the attacker? What is the criteria for deciding when you’re going to pay a ransom? 

3. Prioritize continuous improvement

Ransomware becomes smarter and more intricate all the time and can explode from a threat to a crisis in the blink of an eye. A static system of protection isn’t viable for long, so your organization needs to continuously improve cybersecurity. Identify vulnerabilities and security weaknesses so you can correct them before an unfriendly source reveals them for you. Ordr’s platform helps automate continuous improvement and is agentless so you can effortlessly have state-of-the-art protection at your fingertips. Ordr sensors deploy across the network, so while most organizations focus on north-south threat detection, our platform also performs east-west traffic analyses to detect lateral movement—a major blind spot for enterprises. 

4. Implement zero trust

Zero trust is a revolutionary take on cybersecurity that states nothing should be trusted and everything must be verified. Zero trust is highly effective against cyberattackers, and helps protect your organization from ransomware and other cyber incidents. 

Where to Go From Here

Ransomware is an ever present threat that needs to be caught early in the cyber kill chain to prevent significant damage to your organization’s systems. The key to this is identifying devices that are at risk prior to the attack and locking them down. During an attack, it’s critical to determine what device has been compromised, where that device is located in the network and what it’s communicating to. From there, rapid mitigation can be employed to contain the infection. Finally, retrospective analysis provides the ability to identify potentially infected devices or systems when new indicators of compromise emerge, allowing you to identify security systems that are being bypassed.  

Ordr offers superior ransomware protection across the kill chain starting with comprehensive visibility into devices and risks (including complete details about devices, with granular insights—such as make, model, serial number, and network location). Our solution is capable of illuminating network blind spots by monitoring for east-west lateral movement and identifying attacker exploit tools. Our machine learning engine can baseline communication patterns to recognize an attack in progress, such as C2 communications. Finally, automated policies allow security teams to take action rapidly.